henckel



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

G. HENGKEL.

ANATOMGAL CHART.

Patented Feb. 18,1890.I

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

@.HBNCKEL. ANATOMIGAL GHART.

No. 421,833. Patented Feb. 18, 1890.

N. PETERS, moulmmpw. wmangm n. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. HENGKEL. ANATOMIGAL CHART.

110. 421,833. Patented Feb. 18,1890.

N4 PETERS Phelo-LAhngrlphsr. Wnhngwn. D. C.

5 sheets-sheet '4.

(No Model.)

G. HENGKEL.

ANATOMIGAL CHART.

No. 421,833. Patented Feb. 18, 1890.

(No Mdem 5 sheets-sheet 5. G. HENCKEL. A ANATOMIGAL GHART. No 421,833. Patentedf'eb. 18,1890.

` 9. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE HENCKEL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE CENTRAL SCHOOL SUPPLY HOUSE, OF ILLINOIS. .Y

ANATOMICAL CHART.

SPECIFICATION forming perf; of Lettere Patent No.' 421,833, aerea February 18,1890. Application iiled .Tune 24:, 1889. Serial No. 315,362. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE HENCKEL, of Chicago, in theA county of Cook and State of n Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mounting Anatomical Charts, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to facilitate the study of the anatomy of the human body ro and to increase the durability of the charts themselves by an improved arrangement. of parts and by improved devices for attaching and protecting the several sheets of the charts, said devices being so constructed'as to offer facilities for arranging and hinging the superposed sheets in the manner best calculated to assist the student in his work.

My invention consists inthe parts and combinations hereinafter described and claimed. zo In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section of the chart and its inclosing-case. Fig. 2 is a front view of the case, some of the sheets being turned back to expose the foundation-sheet; and Fig. 3 is a section showing the case open, as in Fig. l. Figs. 4 to 8, inclusive,show the chart with the sheets in various positions illustrative of their superposition and general arrangement. Figs. 9 to 17, inclusive, show constructive details, which 3o will be hereinafter specifically described.

The case 2, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is a shallow box having a removable cover 3. Arod 4 extends within the case across its top, and to this rod are hinged the large sheets that make up the chart. In order to permit the sheets to turn back without breaking, the top 5 of the case and a part 'd of the back 6, extending to a point below the rod 4, are hinged so as to turn back, as shown in Fig. 3. The hinging 4o devices by which any -number of sheets that are necessary for illustrating the subject may be attached conveniently will be described hereinafter. The outer large sheets 7 (shown turned back in Fig. 3) may be varied in nurnber and may contain such views of the bodyas are considered most suitable for the special purpose of the chart. The large sheetS, however, besides having an anatomical representation thereon, forms a foundation for a number of smaller sectional sheets, whose ccnl' 5o struction and arrangement appear in Fig.2 and following figures. 5

As seen iny Fig. -2, there are attached to foundation-sheet 8 secondary sheets representing the trunk of the human body, the head, eye, ear, and one of the teeth. Substantially the same hinging device is usedfor the secondary sheetsvrepresenting the eye, ear, teeth, head, and trunk, and its construction is hereinafter described. e 5o As seen in Fig. 2, the outer sheets 9,10, and 11 represent the muscular system of the trunk of the body, the upper sheet 9 being hinged at its top, as shown, and the sheets 10 and 11 hinged on opposite sides. Upon turning the sheets'9, 10, and 11 back the view shown in Fig. 4 is disclosed, in which, the muscles being removed, the ribs are disclosed upon sheet`12 and the intestines upon sheet 13. The sheet 12 is hinged by its top, in the same 1o manner as sheet 9, upon a pivot secured to the foundation-sheet 8, and upon turning it back, as seen in Fig. 6, the lungs 14 15,'the liver 16, and the stomach 17 are disclosed in 1 their proper places. 13, showing the intestines, and the sheet 18 showing a sectional View thereof, are turned back, so as to expose the ureters 19 and the adjacent organs. The sheet 18, showing the intestines in section, is shown in position in 8o Fig. 7.

Fig. 5 shows the appearance of the chart upon the turning back of the sheets 14 and 15, so as to vexpose the sheet 20, which is hinged at its top to the same pivot as sheet `85 12. The sheet 20 contains a representation ofv the pericardium 22 of' the arteries from the heart to the lungs 23, partially in section.

In Fig. 5 is also shown a section of the liver upon sheet 21, sheet 16, which represents the 9o exterior of the liver, being turned back. Upon turning back sheet 20 sheet 24, cond taining a representation of the heart 25 in section and showing a deeper section of theV lungs 23, is revealed. Annexed to this sheet 9 5 24 is attached, in a manner hereinafter described, and more fully illustrated in Figs. 12, 1'3, and 17, a subsidiary sheet 26, contain- In this igure the sheet ing a representation of the trachea and larynx. Upon turning up the sheet 21 the ribs 27 and adjacent parts lying back of the lungs are revealed, as seen in Fig. 8, these being depicted upon the foundation-sheet 8. In this Fig. S the sheet 21, containing a section of the liver, is turned back, and the sheets 17 and 28, Showing the exterior and interior of the stomach, respectively, are also turned back, thus fully revealing the ribs and the arteries 29 in proximity to the spine and the kidneys 30. The drawings show the section of the kidneys, the small flaps 31, which show the exterior of the kidneys, being opened back.

The pancreas 82, lying in proximity to the ribs and the kidneys, are likewise shown in Fig. 8.

It is of course to be understood that besides the parts named and described in detail the foundation-sheet 8 and the larger secondary sheets 9 12 20, the., contain representations not only of the principal organs, but also of the smaller parts which would appear in a correct representation of the human system, butwhich need not be here described in detail.

In order to conveniently attach and ar range the sheets, as herein described, so as to produce a strong and serviceable but not clumsy or unduly bulky joint, I have devised the arrangement for hinging the sheets shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and 9 to 1G, inclusive. In Figs. 1 to 3 is Shown the manner of attaching the main sheets 7 and 8 to the rod 4, which extends across the top of the case.

Straps A A surround the rod et and are aty tached to the sheets by means of rivets or eyelets B. In Fig. 15 the straps and eyelets forming the hinge, as just described, are shown on an enlarged scale and in detail. The fastening of the strap to the sheet by means of the eyelet B may be strengthened by using a washer C, Fig. 1i. As each strap A can be made very narrow, a large number ot' sheets may be fastened to the saine rod by using only a small number of straps for each sheet and attaching them at different points of their width-as, for example, the straps A A A A may be attached to one sheet, and the straps A A A A may be attached to another sheet, and so on. In like manner the secondary sheets 12, 20, and 24 are attached to the foundation-sheet by means of a number of straphin ges, as D D, Figs. 9 to 117 attached to their respective sheets and having a common pivot E affixed to the foundation-sheet. The outer secondary sheet 9 has a separate hinge F, Fig. 11, extending across its entire width, and a separate pivot G, this being done in order to present a neater appearance when the sheets are turned down, as seen in Fig. 2, by covering up and protecting the hinges to the lower secondary sheets 12, 20, and 21. Fig. 1G represents this joint in detail.

For securing the strap-hinges D D to their respective sheets I prefer the devices shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 1+i. The hinges are formed by folding a piece of iiat sheet metal, as shown in said iigures, the strap being first bent at apoint slightly one side of the mid' die, as may be best seen in Fig. 14. The projecting end II, as seen at the left of Fig. 14, is then folded over the shorter end, so as to hold them together. A piece of cloth .I or other fibrous material is inserted between the two parts of the strap-hinge, so that an adhesive surface is provided by which the hinge may be attached to the paper or cloth of which the sheets are composed. To increase the adhesive surface, the strap of the hinge where it comes in contact with the cloth is cnt away, as shown at I, Fig. 14, so as to eX- pose t-he cloth. The hinge as thus constructed has an advantage over iiexible hinges made of cloth or other iiexible material in that they are more durable and allow the sheets to stay in any position in which they may be placed without having a tendency to return to the position which they most commonly occupy. In Figs. 12, 13, and 17 is shown the small sheet 26, Fig. 7, which is attached by a single hinge K and pivot L to the foundation-sheet. The bent ends of pivot L are adapted to be stuck through the foundationsheet and clinched therein. The pivots for the other sheets are fastened in like manner.

Attached to the sheet 26, and overlying each other in the manner shown, are the several iiaps m n o, containing representations of the trachea and larynx. The latter is shown in both its open and closed condition.

Referring to Fig. 17, which is a view of the reverse or under side of Figs. 12 and 13, thc sheet 26 is cut to admit the passing of the upper end of iiap 0, which represents the epiglottis in its natural erect position from the front to the back of sheet 26. The part p represents the epiglottis overlying the larynx as it does when food is passing the esophagus.

I claim- 1. The combination, in an anatomical chart, of a casing adapted to inclose the sheets of the chart, having a rod across the top to which the principal sheets are attached by means of strap-hinges, substantially as described, a foundation-sheet secured within the casing, and secondary sheets pivoted to said foundation sheet and representing the internal structures.

2. The combination, with an anatomical chart, of a casing adapted to inclose the sheets of the chart, having a rod across the top to which the principal sheets are attached by means of strap-hinges, substantially as described, a foundation-sheet secured within the casing, and secondary sheets representing the internal structure of the human body pivoted to said foundationssheet by means of an adhesive strap-hinge constructed by bending the non-adhesive i'lat metal which forms the hinge so as to partly inclose a strap of adhesive material, as shown and described.

3. The combination, in an anatomical chart,

IOO

IIO

of a foundation-sheet, a secondary sheet representing the internal structure of a portion of Jhe human body, and a hinge joining said foundation and secondary sheets, consisting of a pivot secured to the foundation-sheet and a flat metal strap hinged upon said pivot and having a strap of adhesive material se- GEoRGE HENCKEL..

Witnesses:

VJ. I. VEEDER, P. H. T. MASON. 

